![]() There are three basic principles of radiation protection: justification, optimization, and dose limitation. As radiation exposure becomes more prevalent, a thorough understanding of radiation exposure risks and dose reduction techniques will be of utmost importance. Fluoroscopy is used in many specialties, including orthopedics, urology, interventional radiology, interventional cardiology, vascular surgery, and gastroenterology. ![]() In particular, clinicians or medical staff that use fluoroscopic imaging outside of dedicated radiology or interventional departments have low adherence to radiation safety guidelines. However, enforcing radiation safety guidelines can be an arduous process, and many interventionalists do not receive formal training in either residency or fellowship on radiation dose reduction. Formal radiation protection training helps reduce radiation exposure to medical staff and patients. Most radiation exposure in medical settings arises from fluoroscopic imaging, which uses x-rays to obtain dynamic and cinematic functional imaging. As its use has evolved, so have the cumulative doses of lifetime radiation that both patients and medical providers receive. In the medical field, ionizing radiation has become an inescapable tool used for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of medical conditions. Radiation protection aims to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure with a goal to minimize the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. However, any radiation exposure poses a potential risk to both patients and healthcare workers alike. Radiation from diagnostic imaging modalities, such as computed tomography, mammography, and nuclear imaging, are minor contributors to the cumulative dose exposures of healthcare personnel. Radiation emitted during fluoroscopic procedures is responsible for the greatest radiation dose for medical staff. Radiation safety is a concern for patients, physicians, and staff in many departments, including radiology, interventional cardiology, and surgery.
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